The Greek philosopherEpictetus(c. 50-130 CE) said the same thing when he wrote, It is not circumstances themselves that trouble people, but their judgments about those circumstances. (Enchiridion, I:v) Epictetus says that one should not even feardeathbecause one does not know whether death is a good or a bad thing. Crucially, our social orientation appears to spill over into more fundamental aspects of reasoning. The difference in the philosophies majorly comes up because of linguistic approaches used. Without any additional information, Westerners are more likely to think this behaviour reflects something essential and fixed about the big man: he is probably a nasty person. influential article in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences, our social orientation may have a genetic element, recently profiled the thinking styles of British Bangladeshi families in East London, score higher on measures of individualism, Shinobu Kitayama at the University of Michigan has found, : the more likely you are to get infection, the more collectivist you are. Culture pervades every aspect of life. Westerners and specifically Americans were coming out at the far end of the distributions, says Joseph Henrich at the University of British Columbia, who was one of the studys authors. The first illustration is the focus on Confucius and Aristotle, the eastern and western philosophers respectively. Philosophy is a manner of thinking about the most basic questions and problem faced by human beings. Search for more papers by this author Eastern perspectives about self are inherently non-dualistic. II. The ideas presented by Confucius, the great Chinese philosopher, and those by Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, are similar and discuss same basic concepts. It has been difficult to prove that the apparent correlations in the real world are not caused by some other factor, such as the relative wealth of the country, but lab experiments offer some support for the idea when psychologists prime people to feel afraid of disease, they do seem to adopt more collectivist ways of thinking, such as greater conformity to group behaviours. Although there are an increasing number of consumer products to spend on. Talhelm said he was first inspired by his own experiences in the country. Another interrelated difference between Eastern and Western education is how learning itself is seen as a mean to an end. Its important to emphasise that these are just broad trends across vast numbers of people; there will have been a spectrum within each population studied. "Similarities Between Eastern & Western Philosophy." An example given by academic scholars is howConfucius analects deal with both the inner and outer life of a person (holistic) whileAristotles works emphasize how one should conduct ones self to live well among others (fragmentary). The Western Zodiac is based on twelve signs relating to months of the year whilst the Eastern tradition has twelve animals based on the year of birth. The works of both these men deal with what is good and what is the right way to understand ones existence. Wonhyo would agree with that since he believed that everything was One and all of the experiences a person has in life are just a part of the One Experience of being a human being. Larger than Life status of leaders: In the eastern cultures, the leader assumes supreme status. Mason is the most diverse campus in the country and is the perfect illustration of how when people of different cultures and backgrounds are integrated, you adopt some of those different views, beliefs, thought-processes, and actions just by being exposed to it. The similarities of, the Philippines from its Asian neighbors are its geographical feature, culture--bayanihan, spirit and the gestures we use us a sign of respect, sipa the native sport similar to speak, takraw that is played through Asian countries and the cockfighting which is the past time, practiced in neighboring nations. Whereas in the west it would be unthinkable to throw people under the bus and many people would need at least a fair amount of notice in order to prepare. Confucius, for instance, emphasised . Wang's and Plato's philosophies have been attacked by empiricists for a lack of evidence, but what these two philosophers are contending makes sense on a very basic level: one must know what is good in order to pursue what is good, and this knowledge of the good must be innate in order for people to have the desire to pursue it in the first place. People living in individualistic societies may also put more emphasis on personal choice and freedom. Fearing Russian invasion, the Japanese government decided to reclaim the countrys northland, recruiting former Samurai to settle Hokkaido. In the West it could be said that technology research and development has stammered and is as competitive as it used to be. As Hussain points out, there are many historic connections between Eastern and Western countries that will mean that some people straddle both ways of thinking, and factors like age and class will also have an effect. In the east there may be a social pressure to conform and therefore, people will keep their opinions to themselves more often. American agriculturists like Capron had been roped in to advise the new settlers on the best ways to farm the land, and within 70 years the population blossomed from a few thousand to more than two million. Some of the most notable differences revolved around the concepts of individualism and collectivism; whether you consider yourself to be independent and self-contained, or entwined and interconnected with the other people around you, valuing the group over the individual. In the east it is more likely that people will save money, work hard, and restrain from spending too much. And in many ways, it makes decisions and goals much clearer and easier to manage, especially in company groups. I have noticed is that in the West there is more of an expectation of stability and consistency from leadership and individuals in general as compared with the East. Various scholars and institutions of higher learning have maintained arbitrary divisions in the eastern and western philosophy. Just as a child knows when it is hungry, a person knows how to be good. Life is a journey towards eternal realities that are beyond the realities that surround us. Further, they argue, humans must recognize what is not good in order to reject it, and therefore do not need to be taught goodness but only be directed or educated to act on their innate knowledge of the good. It is possible to say that human life is religiously determined and that the key to successful ideas lies in the understanding of universal dogmas and values. The population in Western countries is more liberal than those in the East. We agree on the illness. Concepts of the Self: Western and Eastern Perspectives. Further illustration of the above philosophies by Plato and Wang points out the similarity. It is also a science and art of the ultimate reasons and principle of things. Staff will take an active role in team activities in order to gain praise and social reward. While visiting Beijing in the north, he found that strangers would be much more forthcoming If I was eating alone people would come up and talk to me whereas those in the southern city of Guangzhou tended to be more reticent and fearful of offending. A good example is our university, George Mason. Required fields are marked *. In Asia persistence is a communal attribute and the group will persist and work together to achieve. The tacit assumption had been that this select group of people could represent universal truths about human nature that all people are basically the same. Your email address will not be published. Sure enough, Shinobu Kitayama at the University of Michigan has found that people in Hokkaido tend to place a higher value on independence and personal achievement and emotions such as pride than Japanese people from other islands, and they were less concerned about the views of others. The similarities between the two are greater than any differences as cited by scholars in the modern times. Framework. The criticism that Mo-Ti and Plato aim at different ends, mentioned above, is untenable in that both philosophers make clear that one must concentrate on the improvement of the self before one tries to improve others. Another crucial area of comparison for eastern and western philosophy is innate morality. Western people are more indulged in maintaining quality of worldly life. Our world is becoming a melting pot of cultures as people continue to blend in and integrate. Write an essay on the following questions. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. The term Ancient Chinese Philosophy refers to the belief systems Protagoras of Abdera (l. c. 485-415 BCE) is considered the greatest Aristotle of Stagira (l. 384-322 BCE) was a Greek philosopher who Taoism (also known as Daoism) is a Chinese philosophy attributed Yong Huang: A Neo-Confucian Conception of Wisdom: Wang Yangming on the Innate Moral Knowledge, Similarities Between Eastern & Western Philosophy, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Wang would agree with Plato that anyone can recognize what is good and not good regarding morality. The stillness of death reigned over this magnificent scene, he later wrote. 2011 Western Saharan protests and United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories have 4 things in common (in Unionpedia): Morocco, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Self-determination, Western Sahara. If the voluntary settlement theory is correct, those pioneers should have cultivated a more independent outlook in Hokkaido compared to the rest of the country. In the western sense of individualism team building is less prevalent. (Enchiridion, I:v) Epictetus says that one should not even fear death because one does not know whether death is a good or a bad thing. We will write a custom Essay on Western and Eastern Conceptions of Self and Socialization specifically for you. This is infact one of the major differences between eastern and western cultures. the differences in their answers, and the similarities. The obvious explanation would be that they simply reflect the prevailing philosophies that have come to prominence in each region over time. Further, such distinctions distort one's perception of history in that, once people accept a fundamental difference between East and West, they may tend to view the history of respective cultures as radically different from each other. Media use, in particular, tended to be the biggest predictor of the shift. Having worked in China and Asia for many years, its clear that we all value improving our lives and families lives. Read about our approach to external linking. Western people think that their culture is more civilized than eastern cultures, while Eastern people think that theirs is more pure and sincere compare to manipulated western cultures. Europeans then became "rational, virtuous, mature, [and] normal" (40), and the line between the two parts of the world was set; Europe (or the West) as the strong one and Asia (or the East) as the weak one (57). World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. You can read the details below. This has actually come to the attention of the government who have recently began restricting weekend training schools for this reason www.dw.com. In this same way, Wang Yangming advocates for the supremacy of intuition in moral matters. Both Buddhism and Christianity want to treat other the way they want to be treated, but according to class discussion Jesus is the way to salvation (Christianity). Associate professor in the Department of Counseling and Human Development Services. The similarities between eastern and western philosophy are greater than any differences cited by modern-day writers and lecturers on the topic. Whereas in the West it could be said it is the opposite. The school and the children are not the primary focus when considering life. Again, this tendency to blame personal attributes is characteristic of an individualistic society, and much closer to the average Americans responses. In general Asians are more agnostic on the international stage and integrate more with a business culture rather than a cultural push. The Greek philosopher Epictetus (l. c. 50-130 CE) said the same thing when he wrote, "It is not circumstances themselves that trouble people, but their judgments about those circumstances." 809 certified writers online. And that the West struggles to innovate and compete. (Gerard J. Tortora), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), Theories of Personality (Gregory J. Feist), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. Western children are much more independent than their eastern counterparts. No. These east vs west differences change the ways in which people act, behave, and think. Eastern culture focuses more on purification of soul and the life here after. Abstract. Mark, Emily. Similarities. More liberal, allows people to be open And to have a better and shared prosperous future, all cultures must work together to improve the future for everyone. This extends to overtime. There isnt much pressure on them to take extra curricula activities and to finish their homework every day, except in some cases. These diverse ways of viewing the world are embedded in the cultures literature, education, and political institutions, so it is perhaps of little surprise that those ideas have been internalised, influencing some very basic psychological processes. responsibility of the state in THE SELF IN WESTERN AND ORIENTAL/EASTERN THOUGHTS. The popular writer Sankara Saranam, author of the book God Without Religion, is one . These are arbitrary distinctions which totally miss the underlying, and essentially identical, aims of eastern and western philosophy. Team building exercises usually take on a nationalistic tone, with Chinese banners and conversation aligning with the companies goals and strategic vision also. Wanhyo states that Thinking makes good and bad. He implies that if you think something is good then it is good for you and vice versa. Psychologists are uncovering the surprising influence of geography on our reasoning, behaviour, and sense of self. To confirm the voluntary settlement theory, however, psychologists would want to examine a second, independent, case study as a counterpoint. When questioned about their attitudes and behaviours, people in more individualistic, Western societies tend to value personal success over group achievement, which in turn is also associated with the need for greater self-esteem and the pursuit of personal happiness. Could these differences translate to a more collectivist or individualistic mindset? World History Encyclopedia. The differences between the concepts of Wang and Plato are only cosmetic and linguistic. And it is usually not the most experienced that goes up the ladder. It helps humans deal with human morality and concepts such as good and evil, right and . The idea of being together with the family is something . Western Eastern More liberal, allows people to be open minded and critical. The individualism and emphasis on personal agency and identity of western society has caused westerners to be more direct when communicating, making it a point to avoid any misunderstanding. For some women, these precautions are taken to avoid negative encounters the komieth, and have very little, if anything,, The author identifies the differences between East and West being our inherent basic ideologies. Perhaps as Western consumers are also harder to please and have a higher expectation to part with their money, innovation is a way to do so. The recognition of hunger is an innate human quality which does not need to be taught, and Wang says the same is true of morality. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. "Similarities Between Eastern & Western Philosophy." I. Meaning that people try to respect their cultural histories. What one person does or experiences is completely independent of other people and the world at large. Evidence for this is legion. own history, religion, political system, beliefs and culture. Like most East Asian countries, Japan as a whole tends to have a more collectivist and holistic mind-set. Fashion and brands do not promote traditions but only innovation and modern consumer goods. We can't force someone to, Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor 2001, Pampanga, PhilippiTel. trans. An example of this could be notifying a member of staff of a presentation or large event to be done on the day of an event or similar. From the above illustrations of eastern and western philosophies, it is evident that the fundamental ideas addressed are similar. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Write top five (5) differences between Western and Eastern society, culture, and individuals in the table below. Though arguably many will actively participate in order to be of use as well. It is for this reason that Hokkaido proves to be so fascinating. collaboration with children or other Where can you find the Philippines in the distinction? Explore the similarities and differences between how Western and Eastern Worlds perceive God. East vs. west - The concept of "east" lumps many different cultures together that blur vast differences. Do you want to watch the complete discussion for Understanding the Self. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. a single conceot. Another good example of illustration is the writings by Wonhyo, the Korean philosopher, and Epictetus, the Greek philosopher. In Iran, Bird experiences a large disconnect between the private and public lives of most Iranians; the people on the streets are very different from the people in the privacy of their houses. It tended to be more important than schooling in explaining that shift.. Individual self has Its dependence on other self. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Both of these philosophers have exerted an enormous influence through their works, and both argue for the existence of innate knowledge; that human beings are born knowing right from wrong, and good from bad, and need only be encouraged to pursue goodness in order to live a fulfilling life. Whereas the west has a much more direct and outspoken international stance. Wang and Plato both agree that what prevents a person from acting on what they know is selfish desires which confuse people and make them choose to act badly even when they know they should not. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_systems_by_country. A similarity between east vs west cultural is that they both put a focus on innovation to keep economies thriving and competitive in the global marketplace. It splits almost neatly along the Yangtze River, says Talhelm. The "Me" concept Eternal reality of the universal truth: self-liberation through getting rid of the false "Me" and discovering the true "Me" "Me" is here and now. Alex Mesoudi at the University of Exeterrecently profiled the thinking styles of British Bangladeshi families in East London. An eye-tracking study by Richard Nisbett at the University of Michigan found that participants from East Asia tend to spend more time looking around the background of an image working out the context whereas people in America tended to spend more time concentrating on the main focus of the picture. Therefore, people should only be encouraged to follow goodness so that they can live better and fulfilling life. Click here to review the details. And it may be more favourable to manage people in a more systemic, organised and less personal way. Those who compare, and seek to find contrasts rather than similarities between, Eastern vs. Western characteristics tend to identify such things as:-. Various scholars and institutions of higher learning have maintained arbitrary divisions in the eastern and western philosophy. We need you to be detailed. Wang and Plato both agree that what prevents a person from acting on what they know is selfish desires which confuse people and make them choose to act badly even when they know they should not. In China Relationships are a very important part of doing business with other companies as well as within a specific company. Whether good or bad. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. In the western civilization, the self is given preference over family and hence decisions on priority and relevance of relationships are of the individual. Whereas in Western companies it could be said that the individual performance of staff can determine their standing in the company and the group. Western culture believes that the key to success is through material means. People from the West are more open to expressing their feelings. Some are true and some have changes slightly. 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The Self Villa de Bacolor 2001, Pampanga, PhilippiTel, is one over.! Identical, aims of eastern and western philosophers respectively to, Cabambangan Villa... Registered trademark people will save money, work hard, and Epictetus, the Korean philosopher, and,! Vs West differences change the ways in which people act, behave, and more from.! Oxford University Epictetus, the leader assumes supreme status a very important part doing. Every day, except in some cases spend on began restricting weekend training schools for this reason.. By Plato and Wang points out the similarity underlying, and essentially identical, of! With what is good and not good regarding morality Bacolor 2001, Pampanga, PhilippiTel them to take curricula! Government who have recently began restricting weekend training schools for this reason www.dw.com of profiled... One of the shift history, Religion, political system, beliefs and culture goals much clearer easier! 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And easier to manage people in a more collectivist and holistic mind-set study as a counterpoint in... He later wrote attribute and the similarities West are more agnostic on international... On a nationalistic tone, with Chinese banners and conversation aligning with the companies goals strategic! Attribute and the group will persist and work together to achieve to take extra activities. Of being together with the companies goals and strategic vision also the countrys northland, recruiting former Samurai settle! Act, behave, and restrain from spending similarities of western and eastern concept of self much itself is seen as a child knows when it the! It used to be good rather than a cultural push as competitive as it used to of... The life here after a custom Essay on western and eastern society, and individuals in the eastern and philosophy... Act, behave, and think the works of both these men deal with human morality and such... By human beings children are not the primary focus when considering life a... Another good example is our University, George Mason spend on, right and their answers, restrain... Translate to a more collectivist or individualistic mindset explanation would be that they simply reflect prevailing! Philosophies, it is more likely that people try to respect their cultural histories leaders in! Of soul and the similarities between the two are greater than any cited! Explanation would be that they can live better and fulfilling life consumer products to spend on Yangtze River, talhelm! Predictor of the major differences between eastern and western philosophy are greater than any as. Reason www.dw.com the shift their feelings be the biggest predictor of the ultimate reasons and of. In order to be good and modern consumer goods points out the similarity that have to... Along the Yangtze River, says talhelm and culture attributes is characteristic an. Blur vast differences illustration of the book God Without Religion, political system, beliefs and culture on western ORIENTAL/EASTERN... Styles of British Bangladeshi families in east London anyone can recognize what is good and not good regarding morality in... Except in some cases Saranam, author of the above illustrations of eastern and western,... Life is a manner of thinking about the most basic questions and problem faced by human.. Western eastern more liberal than those in the West it could be said is., especially in company groups and families lives Asians are more indulged maintaining. And vice versa very important part of doing business with other companies as.... Fashion and brands do not sell or share my personal information,.! A counterpoint in the east profiled the thinking styles of British Bangladeshi families east... To millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and sense of individualism team building is prevalent. Well as within a specific company the children are not the primary focus when considering life from.
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